In recent years, Supply Chain Finance (SCF) has become a key focus of financial research due to its importance in liquidity, working capital management, and credit risk mitigation. In this context, the utilization of Asset-Backed Securities (ABS) as an innovative instrument for transforming non-liquid receivables and assets into tradable securities has created new opportunities for structured finance. Investment funds are among the major players in this domain, capable of playing a decisive role in the development and sustainability of supply chain finance by participating in ABS structures. This study aims to systematically examine the roles, strategies, and factors influencing the decision-making of investment funds within ABS-based SCF mechanisms. Adhering to the PRISMA framework, this systematic review first searched databases including Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and subsequently analyzed the studies selected after screening. The results indicate that the participation of funds in ABS-SCF is influenced by factors such as the risk structure of the securities, liquidity, credit assessment of underlying assets, technological features, and information transparency. Furthermore, the scarcity of empirical studies in emerging markets, the lack of clarity regarding fund investment strategies, and the absence of integrated risk-return models are identified as the most significant research gaps. The findings can serve as a foundation for designing more efficient ABS-SCF structures and assisting policymakers and financial practitioners in their decision-making processes.