https://www.journalefp.com/ اقتصاد و سیاست گذاری مالی fa daily 1 Tue, 22 Dec 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Tue, 22 Dec 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.journalefp.com/article_737376.html Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping how financial institutions identify, evaluate, price, and allocate capital toward environmentally oriented activities. Yet scholarship on AI-enabled green-finance decision-making remains fragmented across finance, accounting, information systems, computer science, and sustainability research, and no prior review has organized this evidence around the decision tasks that financial actors actually perform. This systematic literature review (SLR), conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizes 107 peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 2010 and May 2026, retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science using a pre-specified three-block search strategy and screened by two independent reviewers (Cohen's kappa = 0.81). We develop an integrative framework that links AI capabilities, green-finance decision tasks, governance filters, and outcome criteria, and we organize the corpus around six decision-task clusters: ESG scoring and sustainability assessment, green credit and lending decisions, climate-aware portfolio construction, sustainability-disclosure analysis, green-bond and carbon-market applications, and algorithmic governance and Green AI. Three cross-cutting tensions structure the field: the trade-off between predictive accuracy and interpretability, the problem of contested and inconsistent sustainability data, and the environmental footprint of AI itself. Our central contribution is a re-framing of the debate from whether AI improves prediction to when AI improves green-finance decisions under conditions of data uncertainty, model opacity, and sustainability accountability. We translate the synthesis into a six-item research agenda covering decision-level validation, causal identification, explainable and energy-aware modelling, greenwashing detection, cross-jurisdictional comparability, and Green-AI governance. The review provides scholars, practitioners, and regulators with the first decision-centred map of an interdisciplinary field that has, until now, lacked a unifying frame. https://www.journalefp.com/article_741261.html In recent years, energy imbalance has emerged as one of the fundamental challenges facing Iran’s energy system, particularly within the industrial sector. Rising demand, inefficient consumption patterns, infrastructural constraints, and the ramifications of economic sanctions have severely complicated the management of energy supply and demand. This study aims to design a smart model for energy imbalance management in Iranian industries based on blockchain technology, utilizing an applied mixed-methods approach. In the qualitative phase, the effective dimensions and indicators were identified through a literature review and semi-structured interviews with energy and industry experts. In the quantitative phase, the prioritization of these factors was determined using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) implemented in Expert Choice software (version 11). The findings revealed four primary dimensions: Blockchain-based Technological, Technical, Managerial, and Policy-Institutional, with the Technological dimension ranking first with a weight of 0.349. The proposed model was designed across three layers: Data Collection and Consumption Measurement, Blockchain and Smart Contracts, and Smart Services and Decision-Making. By enabling transparent and immutable data recording, creating decentralized markets, facilitating peer-to-peer energy trading, and providing smart quota allocation, this model offers a localized and actionable framework for managing energy imbalance under Iran’s institutional and sanction-constrained conditions. https://www.journalefp.com/article_741262.html Digital banking has emerged as one of the most significant transformations in the financial system in recent decades. It goes beyond traditional online banking by leveraging advanced technologies to reshape the delivery of financial services. The objective of this study is to examine the main products and services of digital banking and analyze their role in improving customer experience and the efficiency of financial services. This research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach based on document analysis and secondary data sources. The research data were collected through a review of academic literature, banking industry reports, and studies related to digital transformation in financial services, and were analyzed qualitatively. The findings indicate that the expansion of services such as internet banking, mobile banking, digital payments, and electronic wallets has significantly enhanced the speed, accessibility, and personalization of banking services. However, the development of digital banking is also accompanied by challenges including cybersecurity risks, data privacy concerns, and regulatory requirements. Overall, digital banking plays a strategic role in transforming banking business models and improving customer experience, making it a key component of financial system evolution in the digital economy. https://www.journalefp.com/article_741264.html Abstract the spread of catastrophic events and the increase in systematic risks have doubled the need for new risk management tools, especially in emerging markets where resilience to such shocks is of vital importance. In the meantime, Cat Bond and Sidecar have been invented as risk management tools. The present article aims to assess the feasibility of these two in Iran, using a mixed approach (meta synthesis in the qualitative part and the structural transactions approach (PLS-SEM) along with t-test in SPSS software in the quantitative part). Meta synthesis was carried out with a systematic synthesis of related studies in a specific time period (domestic sources 1380-1403 and foreign sources 2000-2025) using the seven-stage model of San delowski and Baroso. The search strategy was carried out with specific criteria such as title, abstract and content, design, and sources that were not proportional to the research question and purpose were excluded from the study. From the initial 134 studies, 56 were selected as eligible for the final analysis and by identifying 77 concepts, 27 factors affecting the performance and design of this tool were jointly selected and compared in the form of 5 major categories. The interpretations indicate differences between the two tools for implementation and dissemination in Iran. The results also show that the implementation and development of this tool in emerging markets such as Iran requires management and simultaneous attention to several intervening dimensions to provide a practical guide for financial policymakers in selecting the appropriate risk transfer tool. https://www.journalefp.com/article_741265.html Financial technologies (FinTech) have fundamentally transformed the structure of the banking and financial services industry over recent decades. This article aims to elucidate the major trajectories of transformation in the financial services industry and digital banking through a descriptive analytical research method and a documentary/library-based approach, drawing upon the secondary analysis of data as well as authoritative academic and institutional sources. It examines the evolution of FinTech and digital banking across three principal stages: the initial digitalization of financial services, the emergence of electronic banking, and the formation of modern FinTech. In the first stage, instruments such as credit cards, automated teller machines (ATMs), and the SWIFT network paved the way for the integration of technology into the financial system. In the second stage, the expansion of the Internet, personal computers, and mobile phones brought online and mobile banking into the mainstream of banking services. In the third stage, following the 2008 global financial crisis and alongside the maturation of technologies such as smartphones, big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, the FinTech startup ecosystem emerged, and new actors including digital banks, mobile wallets, and peer-to-peer lending platforms entered the market. The findings of this article indicate that FinTech is not merely a technological tool, but rather a new paradigm in the provision of financial services, one that emphasizes transparency, accessibility, and user experience. https://www.journalefp.com/article_741266.html The banking industry is one of the most crucial industries in any country, undertaking the financing of both micro and macro projects. The management approach within this industry has evolved, and new methodologies are being adopted. Furthermore, banks' perspective toward their customers has undergone significant transformation. Evidently, any form of strategic planning, roadmap formulation for the future of the banking industry, and even the development of operational plans for banking units necessitates a thorough and precise understanding of the banking industry. Not only senior bank executives but also lower-level experts—such as software developers in IT departments or those drafting various guidelines in credit and financial domains—cannot adequately anticipate the bank's long-term needs or advance their programs with a future-oriented perspective without a clear understanding of the industry's future landscape and the corresponding roadmap of banks. For this reason, futures studies, as an interdisciplinary field that analyzes trends, anticipates changes, and presents plausible future scenarios, has become an indispensable tool for dynamic industries, including banking. Given the pressing need to understand the future of the banking industry, this study conducts a systematic review of the existing literature on futures studies in the banking sector, with a particular focus on the role of artificial intelligence. https://www.journalefp.com/article_741309.html This study investigates the effects of digital banking, digital payments, and liquidity conditions on the number of physical bank branches over the period from 2004 to 2025. The research was conducted using the autoregressive distributed lag econometric method in EViews version 12. The results of the Augmented Dickey–Fuller unit root test indicated that the research variables were non-stationary at level and stationary at the first difference. Based on the Granger causality test, a unidirectional causal relationship from digital banking to digital payments and liquidity was confirmed. The results of estimating the dynamic research model indicate a negative and significant effect of the explanatory variables on the number of physical branches, such that the estimated coefficients for the digital banking index, digital payments, and liquidity were −0.319, −35.37, and −44.71, respectively. These findings demonstrate a substantial reduction in the banking system’s structural dependence on physical branches following the expansion of non-face-to-face payment instruments and the development of digital infrastructure. The downward trend in the number of branches accelerated particularly after 2013 and reached its minimum during 2017–2020. Given the projected annual growth rate of 83.31% for artificial intelligence in the financial industry and the 44.42% growth of neobanks by 2033, it is essential for banks to move toward optimizing their branch networks and enhancing virtual services by investing in emerging technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and blockchain.